Saturday, October 12, 2019
Eleanor of Aquitaine :: essays research papers fc
Eleanor of Aquitaine There have been many historic women have had a great impact on modern day society. We have come to recognize them as key parts of our past, and without them the world would not be as it is. One of these women whom we recognize is Eleanor of Aquitaine. Eleanor of Aquitaine is known as one of the most successful women in history because of her valiant efforts to reform medieval England.      Eleanor of Aquitaine was born in 1122 . She grew up in Poiters, France, where she was always surrounded by poets, artists, and other educated peoples . Numerous suitors attempted to woo her . Her childhood was rich and full of exquisite fortunes . However, all lives must eventually come to an end. In 1204 she died at the age of eighty-two, which was an extraordinary age at the time . Her corpse may still be in Fontervrault Abbey, her cherished rest and recuperation abode .      Eleanor’s first taste of great power was as the Queen of France. At the youthful age of fifteen she was whisked away to become the Queen of Louis VII . After several years the marriage crumbled . The two talked about divorce . Eleanor asked the Church for an annulment on grounds that they were fourth cousins, and Louis did not attempt to argue . Louis and Eleanor were granted the annulment in 1152 .      Henry Plantagenet, heir to the throne of England, had already stolen Eleanor’s heart, despite the fact that she was twelve years older than he was . A mere six weeks after the annulment, she and Henry got married at Bordeaux . In 1154 they were crown King and Queen of England in Westminster Abbey . After she was crowned, she was addressed as â€Å"Eleanor, by the grace of God, Queen of England.†The occupancy of the throne is what gave her the power to complete her goals, though she most likely would have somehow risen to impose her ideas anyhow.      Most of Eleanor’s life was devoted to child- bearing . Her first son by Henry was William . William was born in Normandy, but died at a young age in 1183 . She had eight children after William . In order from eldest to youngest they were Matilda, Henry, Richard, Geoffrey, John, Eleanor, and Joanna . Richard was Queen Eleanor’s favorite child . King Henry’s favorite child was John .
Friday, October 11, 2019
Live in Essay
22 August 2008 – In January 2008, the Supreme Court validated long-term live-in relationships as marriages. A Supreme Court bench headed by Justice Arijit Pasayat with P Satasivan declared that children born out of such a relationship will no longer be called illegitimate. â€Å"Law inclines in the interest of legitimacy and thumbs down ‘whoreson’ or ‘fruit of adultery’,†the court added. The apex court judgment was followed by similar suggestions from the National Commission for Women (NCW). In June this year, in response to recommendations made by the Ministry of Women and Child Development, the NCW sought a change in the definition of ‘wife’ as described in Section 125 of the Criminal Procedure Code (CrPC), which deals with maintenance. The NCW recommended that women in live-in relationships should be entitled to maintenance if the man deserts her. Emphasising the need for broadening the definition of wife in the CrPC section, NCW officials said there had been cases where the man led the woman to believe that he was unmarried or was divorced or widowed and went ahead with the formalities required by marriage laws or the custom governing him. As a way of countering this, NCW chairperson Girija Vyas suggested that even if a marriage was not registered, a woman’s claim would stand if she provided enough proof of a long-term relationship. This underscored the Supreme Court’s stand that a man and woman, having lived together for long, would be presumed to have been married, unless it was rebutted by convincing evidence. Equal rights The recent ruling is only the latest in a series of recommendations by various bodies seeking equal rights for the married woman and live-in female partner. A recommendation by the Justice Malinath Committee to the Law Commission of India (2003) stated that if a woman has been in a live-in relationship for a reasonable time, she should enjoy the legal rights of a wife. The Protection of Women from Domestic Violence Act (2005) provides protection to women at the hands of their husbands as well as live-in partners, and his relatives. When the law came into force in October 2006, it did not distinguish between the woman who is married and the woman who is in a live-in relationship. The SC ruling in itself has its precedent in a 1927 judgment made by the Privy Council, the Supreme Court’s predecessor in pre-independent India. In A Dinohamy v. WL Blahamy, the Council laid down a general principle: â€Å"Where a man and a woman are proved to have lived together as a man and wife, the law will presume, unless the contrary be clearly proved, that they were living together in consequence of a valid marriage and not in a state of concubinage. †The Council made significant additions to the 1927 ruling in 1929 in Mohabhat Ali Vs Mohammad Ibrahim Khan. It said: â€Å"The law presumes in favour of marriage and against concubinage when a man and woman have cohabited continuously for a number of years. For a live-in couple to be considered validly married, the court wanted evidence of cohabitation for a number of years, without specifying the minimum number of years. In Gokal Chand and Pravin Kumari (1952), the Supreme Court reiterated the 1929 principle. However, it added that though the presumption for a valid marriage between a live-in couple could be drawn from their long cohabitation, it wasn’t enough to earn the m legitimacy if the evidence of their living together was rebuttable. In this judgment, the apex court refused to recognise a live-in relationship, though the couple had lived together for some years before the pregnant woman decided to live alone with her child born out of a live-in relationship with the man. The rebuttal of a presumption in favour of a valid marriage, in this case, came from the child, who said she did not remember her father ever visiting her or her mother. In Badri Prasad (1978), the Supreme Court recognised a live-in relationship as a valid marriage, accusing the authorities of questioning a relationship 50 years after the couple had begun living together, and were treated as a married couple even by their relatives. The view from the courts A Madhya Pradesh High Court judgment in 1985 dealt with the case of Loli, who had lived for several years with Radhika Singh. Together they had five daughters and a son. The trial court dismissed the case made by Singh’s sister-in-law that Loli should not have property rights as she was just a mistress. The sister-in-law had sought her rights over the property, and contended that Loli had started living with Singh even when her first husband was alive, and therefore, there could not be a presumption of valid marriage. But the appellate court set aside the trial court’s order, a stand the Madhya Pradesh High Court also agreed with. This brings us to Payal Sharma Vs Superintendent, Nari Niketan, and others, in which a court stated in 2001 that a live-in relationship was not illegal. Sharma had moved the Allahabad High Court to be left to do her own bidding after being forced to live in a Nari Niketan at Agra, following her arrest, along with Ramendra Singh, with whom she had a live-in relationship. The Agra police arrested her and Singh on the basis of an FIR lodged by her father, accusing Singh, an already married man, of kidnapping Sharma. A resident of Kannauj district in Uttar Pradesh, Sharma produced documentary evidence, including her high school certificate, to prove that she was 21 years old. On the basis of this evidence, the court directed the authorities to set her free. Justice M Katju and Justice RB Mishra stated, â€Å"Petitioner Smt. Payal Sharma appeared before us and stated that she is above 21 years of age, which is borne out from the high school certificate which shows that her date of birth is 10. 7. 1980. Hence she is a major and has the right to go anywhere and live with anyone. In our opinion, a man and a woman, even without getting married, can live together if they wish to. This may be regarded as immoral by society, but is not illegal. There is a difference between law and morality. †Thus, a uniform view appears to emerge from the courts, when one looks at the history of cases on the question of live-in relationships. It appears that, by and large, legal sanction for live-in relationships is based on the assumption that they are not between equals, and therefore women must be protected by the courts from the patriarchal power that defines marriage, which covers these relationships too. Shades of grey But such protective sanction raises other questions, notably about the institution of marriage itself, for which there are no easy answers. Supposing a live-in relationship is between a man who is already married with children, and a single woman? In Payal Sharma, Ramendra Singh was a married man with children. Which woman’s ‘interest’ should the courts and law protect, and in doing so, can the apparent equality between married and unmarried couples be maintained? Live-in relationships also raise questions about legal stance towards bigamy. In spirit and essence, the Allahabad High Court judgement contradicts the law against bigamy for Hindus, both for men and women, which make it mandatory for a husband or wife to get a divorce before they can marry again. When bigamy is illegal – except for Muslims – in what sense can a live-in relationship be equal to a marriage, if either the man or the woman is already married? And how is it that a division bench of a High Court is able to pronounce a judgement that openly violates the social, legal and filial implications that bind the husband in a Hindu marriage, which includes living with the wife and children under the same roof? There’s also the question of ‘marriage-like’ protection for a woman who enters a relationship with someone she isn’t married to, by choice or circumstance. Does a female partner need the protection of legal standing equivalent to that of a wife, in a non-married relationship she entered into by choice or circumstance? To marry, or not to marry? Live-in relationships among urban, educated, upper-middle class young people began as a declaration of independence, as a way of keeping away from the ‘shackles’ of institutionalised marriages. In fact, it’s a willful rejection of the institution of marriage, of the stereotypes it engenders, and of the restrictions and inequalities it has come to stand for. But, legal sanction granted to a live-in relationship may put it back in the trap that live-in partners sought to evade in the first place. This legal sanction implies that live-in relationships are bound by the same rules of fidelity, commitment and economic stability that marriage is structured in. Social geographer Soma Das says that people who opt for live-in relationships do so because they do not believe in marriage. â€Å"If live-in relationships are treated on par with marriage, many young men and women may not really like to get into such open relationships. At the other end, ensuring maintenance and giving legal sanction to live-in relationships will not make the position of the female partner equal to that of the wife because social acceptance in Indian society will take a very long time. It still does not have a mindset that accepts the estranged female partner of a live-in relationship. †Psychologist Shenaz B Ilavia believes that live-in relationships are still confined to a marginal segment of society which she calls the elite, upper middle class. â€Å"Theoretically, it may sound like a better proposition than marriage, but very few people actually opt for it. A live-in relationship is not a substitute for marriage,†she says.
Thursday, October 10, 2019
Developmental Psych Papere
The study of the psychological development in children has been an ongoing endeavor. Renowned theorist, Sigmund Freud developed a psychoanalytic stage of psychological development focusing on the psychosexual development of individuals. Erikson developed his own theory of development which spanned over one’s lifetime. Psychological development has stirred arguments in theory from biological theorists and environmental theorists as well.Despite the uncompromised viewpoints from psychological, biological, and environmental theorists, children continue to be born, grow, and become adults without a definitive explanation to their development. There exists the lingering question as to why some children grow and develop serious psychological disorders and learning dysfunctions when compared to other children who are devoid of any dysfunction.BackgroundAt first view, Adam is a rambunctious typical 8 year old boy. It is noticeable that his attention span is comprom ised as he is unable to remain focused on one activity for any given length of time. His parents, Jason and Alexis, explained that Adam was born via Caesarean section after forty-two prolonged hours of labor. A second child was born, a girl, later the following year. At the age of 2, his parents noticed that he seemed too eager and full of energy. After a trip to the pediatrician, they were assured that this was typical behavior for a 2 year old boy.Up to the age of 4, his parents became more distraught with their inability to control his behaviors. By this point, Adam was sleeping three hours per night, had gotten outside the family home by picking a lock with a butter knife, was physically abusing his younger sister, had broken his collar bone jumping off a Little Tyke car, re-broken the collar bone in the doctor’s office jumping off the exam table despite the doctor’s efforts to catch him, and his parents werePSYCHOLOGY                                                                                                                              3sleeping in shifts in order to keep up with his hyperactivity (personal communication, May 15, 2010). The family received reassurance from the pediatrician who indicated that it was a phase that Adam would soon outgrow. It is clear that both Jason and Alexis were debating whether or not Adam’s behavior was an individual difference or an abnormal behavior, but one could also suggest the possibility of the issues with Adam being related to a nature versus nurture conflict (Berryman, et al, 2002)AnalysisD iagnosisWhen Adam was 6, his parents contacted a Child and Adolescent Psychiatrist after exhausting every other known resource and outlet, including school counselors and the family pediatrician. Adam was put through a series of developmental, biological, and psychological tests.  The psychiatrist met with the parents two-weeks following the testing phase. It was determined that Adam was suffering from Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and Bipolar Disorder I. While Jason and Alexis admit that they were horrified by the diagnoses, they have stated that they were equally relieved to finally have a name for what was wrong with their son (personal communication, May 15, 2010).The Diagnostics and Statistics Manual for Mental Disorders, fourth edition, (DSM-IV-TR) defines ADHD as being a condition often present in children indicated by behaviors and mannerisms inconsistent with the child’s developmental age (American Psychiatric Association, 1994). Specific symptoms include restlessness, driven mood, excessive talking, distractible, and an inability to remain focused. The American Psychiatric Association (APA) notes that learning disabilities are frequent with the diagnosis of ADHD (APA, 1994). The diagnosis of BipolarPSYCHOLOGY                                                                                                                              4Disorder I indicates that episodes of mania are or have existed in the patient. Bipolar Disorder is defined as severe mood swings associated with elated happiness, or mania, in contrast to extre me depression, or periods of sadness (APA, 1994).TreatmentTreating both of these conditions in a child requires consistency and encouragement from the family. From a pharmacological standpoint, these conditions are being treated with Clonodine and Depekote. Family and cognitive therapies have been incorporated into the family’s routine. Lab tests, blood work, are performed bi-weekly as the level of Depekote must be monitored so that it does not become toxic. In reference to Adam’s learning disability, he is enrolled in special education classes in a public elementary school. To date, Adam seems well adjusted and fully cooperative in taking his daily medications. Alexis indicated that his individual therapy has helped him to recognize periods where he has become too active, whereby Adam will indicate that he needs some alone time to calm down (personal communication, May 15, 2010).DiscussionThe prognosis for these types of conditions in children is uncertain. Years ago, a diagnosis of Bipolar Disorder in a child was unheard of, and it would seem to be more congruent with a Conduct Disorder. Times are changing as is developmental psychology. The origin of these conditions is not definite. Alexis wonders if there was oxygen deprivation during labor which may have contributed to Adam’s disorders, but there is not a clear or concise medical opinion to assert this to fact (personal communication, May 15, 2010). There are still questions as to whether or not either of these conditions may be hereditary, despite the fact that neitherPSYCHOLOGY                                                                                                                              5Jason nor Alexis have any family members with either condition. With regard to the abnormal behavior exhibited by Adam; there exists a name for the psychological dysfunction. In relation to Adam as an individual, it is obvious that he does have specific differences than that of other children his own age. It is still a battle and argument to be had with regard to developmental psychologists and theorists.ConclusionJason and Alexis continue to live and function with the knowledge that their son has been diagnosed with two disorders requiring constant monitoring and care. In lieu of these conditions, they still manage to do things as any other family does. They have a family in which one child has special needs. For them, these needs have become the norm, even though society views these obstacles as an intrusion and inconveni ence. Developmental psychology is a study of the ways in which one goes from being a dependent infant to a self-sufficient adult. There are a variety of ways that each individual will accomplish such a task. There does not appear to be any one definition by which each person grows and develops thoughts, mental processes, or abilities. Each person simply grows by learning and adapting in order to survive. The field of developmental psychology has much work and research ahead of itself, but it has already made great strides with regard to how society has gotten where it is.
Wednesday, October 9, 2019
American Colonies
The American Revolution can be considered as the most important event within American history. Through this event, a collection of colonies transformed themselves into a unified government and society, one that embarked on the longest and most successful demonstration of democracy in world history. During the 18th century, England and France were embroiled in a series of wars that were ultimately meant to establish one or the other as the dominant European force. The first three wars had no true impact on the colonies, but the last war – the French and Indian War – would lead to a huge change in the relationship between the colonies and England. During the early years of the war, prior to 1758, the colonists continued trading with the French while refusing to contribute money to the British war effort. The first problem was solved through the efforts of the William Pitt, Prime Minister of England. He offered to reimburse the latter for part of any war expenses they incurred on behalf of England. The second issue resolved itself through victories the English had in Canada and the Caribbean. Unfortunately, the English did not realize that their war policies would end up putting their realm in severe debt. Once it was realized, however, it opened the door for reform programs that would ultimately push the American colonies to seek independence from England. Following William Pitt as Prime Minister were several men, all of whom tried to enforce strict laws on the American colonies with the goals of replenishing the English treasury and reestablishing English authority over the colonies. The first of these men was George Grenville, who became Prime Minister following William Pitt. Grenville assessed the situation in the following manner: the colonies had an extremely light tax burden as compared to that being endured by the English; therefore, it would be logical for the prosperous colonies to share in the expenses that had been racked up trying to defend and protect them. Grenville further discovered how lax the royal customs service in the American colonies was. This, combined with the need for England to replenish its treasury, lead to the implementation of several acts that would meet with ever increasing anger and protest on the part of the American colonists. First, Grenville saw to it that the Navigation Acts that had been ignored for so long were now implemented to the last letter. Next was the passage of the Sugar Act in 1764, which put new taxes on foreign imports such as wine, textiles, coffee, indigo, and sugar. The goal behind this particular tax was to bring in enough money to offset the expenses of â€Å"defending, protecting and securing†(Shi Tindall, 2007) the colonies. Following the Sugar Act was the Currency Act of 1764, which put a stop to the colonies printing their own paper money. Following the implementation of the Sugar Act was the Stamp Act of 1765. This act stated that all printed material within the colonies had to had a revenue stamp on them. The final act implemented by Grenville was the Quartering Act, which applied to all colonies, but most seriously affected New York. It required that soldiers of the British army be given lodging within the homes of any colonial family at any given time. In the minds of the colonists, all these various acts infringed on their rights. They strongly believed that England had no right to tax them if the colonists had no representation within the English Parliament. Therefore, each act that was passed was met with great protest and outrage within the colonies. Eventually, the slogan that could be heard throughout the colonies was: â€Å"No taxation without representation†(Shi Tindall, 2007). The outrage over the various acts, particularly the Sugar and Stamp Acts, ultimately led to the downfall of Grenville, and the repeal of these two offensive acts. However, Grenville’s successor went down the same path in passing the Townshend Acts. These laws were intended to bring the colonies, particularly New York, to heel. Instead, they simply increased colonial resentment and resistance. Yet, the level of resentment and resistance varied among the colonists. John Adams stated during the first Continental Congress that, with regard to where the colonists stood on independence, one third were for independence, one third were against independence, and the final third were undecided. Adams was extremely accurate in this statement. From the start, there had been a select group of colonists that agitated for immediate independence in response to the way Parliament and England treated them. Just as adamant were a group who believed that the colonies owed everything to England, and therefore, could not see breaking away from England as a good thing. Finally, there was the group who could not decide either way. Like all undecided groups, they could see valid points on each side of the issue, but were unable to make a definitive choice. Ultimately, one of the deciding factors that rallied all the colonists to approve gaining independence from England was Thomas Paine’s Common Sense. In this pamplet, Paine outlined points that the majority of the colonists agreed with. He did not just attack Parliament, but also the concept of monarchy. For Paine, the responsibility for the troubles in the colonies did not just lay at the feet of Parliament, but also at the feet of King George III himself. Paine used his pamphlet to present the following conclusion: â€Å"Americans should consult their own interests, abandon George III, and declare their independence†(Shi Tindall, 2007). Another aspect that unified the majority of American colonists in seeking independence was the outbreak of war in Lexington and Concord, Massachusetts. These two battles occurred before a formal break with England had been pronounced. The fact that English soldiers would attempt to initiate warfare with the colonists before they had even completely decided on breaking away from England was more than enough evidence that England did not have any consideration for the colonial point of view. Therefore, the formal break England thought would never occur did occur via the writing and proclaiming of the Declaration of Independence in July of 1776. Overall, the American Revolution occurred for one reason: it was the right time and moment to establish country that ruled in a manner completely different from the norm of monarchy. Many of those watching the Revolution unfold believed it was nothing more than an experiment in the misguided concept of democracy that would ultimately fail. Yet, that it did not fail is a testament to the hard work of and constant discussing and debating of the issues by the colonists. They took what they felt was best from monarchical government and adapted it to fit into a new, democratic form of government and society, one in which all inhabitants of that society would have a say in the governing of that society. This is the legacy of the American Revolution: the ability of Americans to utilize the democratic process in governing of America. Shi, David Emory and Tindall, George Brown. America: A Brief Narrative History- Volume One. New York: W.W. Norton Company, 2007.
Tuesday, October 8, 2019
ART101 CA Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words
ART101 CA - Essay Example lain sculptor, architect, painter, engineer, and poet and he has been considered one of the most prominent artists throughout centuries (Gilbert, â€Å"Michelangelo†). He was born in 1474 in the Republic of Florence and died in 1564 in Rome. Michelangelo came from the minor nobility, which had lost its status before the famous sculptor was born. However, the Buonarroti family and Michelangelo himself, were proud of their origin and ties with Counts of Canossa who claimed to have imperial blood (â€Å"Michelangelo-Biography†). When Michelangelo was born the family lived in Caprese, a small town in Florence where his father was a governor. The family later moved to Florence, â€Å"a centre of thought, of culture, and of trade†at that time (â€Å"Michelangelo-Biography†). There, at the age of 13 Michelangelo became an apprentice to Domenico Ghirlandaio, one of the most famous local artists in Florence. He finished his apprenticeship in three years since there was hardly anything left to learn. After that his life was closely to Lorenzo de Medici, who earned his fame for his patronage of art. While living in his house, Michelangelo practiced carving from marble and refined his talent. He went to Rome around 1497 by invitation of the Cardinal of St.Georgio, but came back home around 1501. While staying in Florence, the sculptor created David presumably in1501-1504. He then returned to Rome around 1508 to create many of his masterpieces, including Sistine Chapel’s paintings, there till 15 27, when he took part in the revolt against the Medici in Florence. After Medici regained the power over Florence, Michelangelo was searched to be put to death, but the protection of the Pope Clement saved his life. Michelangelo went to Rome around 1534 and never returned home. He was in service of the Popes and created The Last Judgement at that period. Michelangelo died in 1564 and was buried in Florence. His life was closely connected to the dramatic changes of the historic
Monday, October 7, 2019
Threatened Species Act Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words
Threatened Species Act - Case Study Example This is also available along the Winburndale Nature Reserve. This tree is found in more than fifty five different locations in New South Wales. The current status of the trees is more that of relicts, though they were pretty wide spread earlier on (Hunter 1998). Due to changes in the environmental condition, there has been an overall depletion of these species. They have been slowly losing ground and the population of the species has been depleting in all the locations. The exact reason for such depletion has not yet been ascertained, though a number of possible causes have been identified. In a similar way, the influence it has on the rest of the flora and fauna in the locality is also not fully identified though most of them and the influence of the tree are also identified in the environment. These trees mostly occur in table lands and on a wide variety of geological soils at reasonable altitudes. Most often these trees occur in foot slopes of hilly terrains, though by nature they can grow on any type of land. This species flowers during the months of January to April. The seeds are spread once they are formed. They travel in air and is carried away by wind. They are not carried to long distances. They are always found in close proximity to the parent tree. They fall due to gravity and get into the soil when the wind blows. While the reproduction is helped by nature, their destruction is also caused mostly by nature. The forest fires are the main reasons for destroying nearly 30% of the saplings when they start sprouting. These also weaken even the adult trees there by causing the trees to wither later. However, many of the mature trees sprout after the forest fires. The Eucalyptus trees have the possum in their leaves which makes them averse for animals that feed on them. This is a defensive mechanism that most of the Eucalyptus species adopt and this species also adopts. This protects itself from the animal kingdom to a large extent making its survival in the forest easier (Jeffrey Harborne, 1999). This is made possible by the presence of phenolic chemical components present in the leaf. It is also found that the trees since they have the stringy bark are not particularly attractive to animals to feed on them. Biologically it has protected itself from grazing animals. However, it maintains a balance of available trees and plants in the location where it has been thriving. Now with the depleting population of these trees this delicate balance is affected. The trees are biologically affected when their hybrids are found in the neighbourhoods with other tree species. This hurts the population of the original species since the hybrids grow in the same region and try to destroy the original species. This is one of the major reasons for the population of the species to come down drastically. The species develops putative hybrids with closely related species. The hybrid populations reach as much as 30% of the species population in certain areas causing large scale reduction in the species population (Ladiges & Humphries, 1986). Social Relationships Apart from the forest fires, land clearing and open cut coal mining continues to be major cause for the destruction of these species. In the case of forest fires, the trees have worked out a methodology to get around these and are able to sprout after a fierce forest fire, they do not hold any chance against human activities of
Sunday, October 6, 2019
Dekalb Hospital Site Description Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1
Dekalb Hospital Site Description - Essay Example Currently, the organization is not affiliated to any academic institution. It has one full time specialized position, no part time specialized position and is an accredited residency site. Dekalp’s practice type is a hospital with 201 beds though its average patient rate 70. Its basic services are medical/ surgery, ICU, ER, psychiatry, and infectious disease but it also offers services in alcohol and drug therapy, rest care, diagnosis image, occupational therapy, orthopedics, physical therapy, and skilled nursing care. It also offers radiology services besides distributive services such as centralized unit dose distribution, decentralized unit dose distribution, IV preparation, TPN compounding, chemotherapy compounding among others. Further, it offers non distributive services such as patient rounds, pharmacokinetics, therapeutic consults, IV to PO conversion, drug information, newsletter provision, P&T committee/Formulatory development, Nursing/Physician/other healthcare prac titioner education, chart writing privileges, laboratory test order protocol, infectious disease service, nutritional support service and anticoagulation service. The organization monitors its patients on an average of 30 to 40 patients per day and adopts a bar-coding identification for non-distributive services. Its documentation system is Car Fusion-med Mind with application of barcode scanning, medication dispensing cabinets and robots for automation. The hospital derives its economics of practice from Medicare, Medicaid and private pay insurance on a 30 percent, 10 percent, and 50 percent contribution basis. The pharmacy is securely situated on the left side of the lobby on the hospital’s first floor and is under tight security that approves all entries. Once in the pharmacy that is about 800 squires, there is a wide working table at the centre and the director’s office to the right. The pharmacy’s products are
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